Sahih Bukhari

حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَائِ يَقُولُ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ التَّزْوِيجَ وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ تَيَسَّرَ لِي امْرَأَةٌ صَالِحَةٌ وَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ يَقُولُ إِنَّکِ عَلَيَّ کَرِيمَةٌ وَإِنِّي فِيکِ لَرَاغِبٌ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَسَائِقٌ إِلَيْکِ خَيْرًا أَوْ نَحْوَ هَذَا وَقَالَ عَطَائٌ يُعَرِّضُ وَلَا يَبُوحُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ لِي حَاجَةً وَأَبْشِرِي وَأَنْتِ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ نَافِقَةٌ وَتَقُولُ هِيَ قَدْ أَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ وَلَا تَعِدُ شَيْئًا وَلَا يُوَاعِدُ وَلِيُّهَا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِهَا وَإِنْ وَاعَدَتْ رَجُلًا فِي عِدَّتِهَا ثُمَّ نَکَحَهَا بَعْدُ لَمْ يُفَرَّقْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ لَا تُوَاعِدُوهُنَّ سِرًّا الزِّنَا وَيُذْکَرُ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حَتَّی يَبْلُغَ الْکِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ تَنْقَضِيَ الْعِدَّةُ

Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d: A woman came to Allah's Apostle and said, "O Allah's Apostle! I have come to you to present myself to you (for marriage)." Allah's Apostle glanced at her. He looked at her carefully and fixed his glance on her and then lowered his head. When the lady saw that he did not say anything, she sat down. A man from his companions got up and said, "O Allah's Apostle! If you are not in need of her, then marry her to me." The Prophet said, "Have you got anything to offer." The man said, 'No, by Allah, O Allah's Apostle!" The Prophet said (to him), "Go to your family and try to find something." So the man went and returned, saying, "No, by Allah, O Allah's Apostle! I have not found anything." The Prophet said, "Go again and look for something, even if it were an iron ring." He went and returned, saying, "No, by Allah, O Allah's Apostle! I could not find even an iron ring, but this is my Izar (waist sheet).' He had no Rida (upper garment). He added, "I give half of it to her." Allah's Apostle said "What will she do with your Izar? If you wear it, she will have nothing over herself thereof (will be naked); and if she wears it, then you will have nothing over yourself thereof ' So the man sat for a long period and then got up (to leave). When Allah's Apostle saw him leaving, he ordered that he e called back. When he came, the Prophet asked (him), "How much of the Qur'an do you know (by heart)?" The man replied, I know such Sura and such Sura and such Sura," naming the suras. The Prophet said, "Can you recite it by heart?" He said, 'Yes." The Prophet said, "Go I let you marry her for what you know of the Qur'an (as her Mahr).

إِنِّي أُرِيدُ التَّزْوِيجَ وَلَوَدِدْتُ ← ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيمَا عَرَّضْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ خِطْبَةِ النِّسَائِ ← مُجَاهِدٍ ← مَنْصُورٌ، ← زَائِدَۃَ،

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنْ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ أَهُمَا الْخَيْطَانِ قَالَ إِنَّکَ لَعَرِيضُ الْقَفَا إِنْ أَبْصَرْتَ الْخَيْطَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَا بَلْ هُوَ سَوَادُ اللَّيْلِ وَبَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ

Narrated Al-Bara: In the Pre-lslamic Period when the people assumed Ihram, they would enter their houses from the back. So Allah revealed:-- "And it is not righteousness that you enter houses from the back, but the righteous man is he who fears Allah, obeys His Orders and keeps away from what He has forbidden. So enter houses through their doors." (2.189)

قُلْتُ ← عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ ← الشَّعْبِيِّ، ← مُطَرِّفٍ ← جَرِيرٌ ← قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ وَأُنْزِلَتْ وَکُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّی يَتَبَيَّنَ لَکُمْ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنْ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ وَلَمْ يُنْزَلْ مِنْ الْفَجْرِ وَکَانَ رِجَالٌ إِذَا أَرَادُوا الصَّوْمَ رَبَطَ أَحَدُهُمْ فِي رِجْلَيْهِ الْخَيْطَ الْأَبْيَضَ وَالْخَيْطَ الْأَسْوَدَ وَلَا يَزَالُ يَأْکُلُ حَتَّی يَتَبَيَّنَ لَهُ رُؤْيَتُهُمَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَعْدَهُ مِنْ الْفَجْرِ فَعَلِمُوا أَنَّمَا يَعْنِي اللَّيْلَ مِنْ النَّهَارِ

Narrated Nafi`: During the affliction of Ibn Az-Zubair, two men came to Ibn `Umar and said, "The people are lost, and you are the son of `Umar, and the companion of the Prophet, so what forbids you from coming out?" He said, "What forbids me is that Allah has prohibited the shedding of my brother's blood." They both said, "Didn't Allah say, 'And fight then until there is no more affliction?" He said "We fought until there was no more affliction and the worship is for Allah (Alone while you want to fight until there is affliction and until the worship become for other than Allah." Narrated Nafi` (through another group of sub-narrators): A man came to Ibn `Umar and said, "O Abu `Abdur Rahman! What made you perform Hajj in one year and Umra in another year and leave the Jihad for Allah' Cause though you know how much Allah recommends it?" Ibn `Umar replied, "O son of my brother! Islam is founded on five principles, i.e. believe in Allah and His Apostle, the five compulsory prayers, the fasting of the month of Ramadan, the payment of Zakat, and the Hajj to the House (of Allah)." The man said, "O Abu `Abdur Rahman! Won't you listen to why Allah has mentioned in His Book: 'If two groups of believers fight each other, then make peace between them, but if one of then transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then you all fight against the one that transgresses. (49.9) and:--"And fight them till there is no more affliction (i.e. no more worshiping of others along with Allah)." Ibn `Umar said, "We did it, during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger when Islam had only a few followers. A man would be put to trial because of his religion; he would either be killed or tortured. But when the Muslims increased, there was no more afflictions or oppressions." The man said, "What is your opinion about `Uthman and `Ali?" Ibn `Umar said, "As for `Uthman, it seems that Allah has forgiven him, but you people dislike that he should be forgiven. And as for `Ali, he is the cousin of Allah's Messenger and his son-in-law." Then he pointed with his hand and said, "That is his house which you see."

سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ← أَبُو حَازِمٍ ← أَبُو غَسَّانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُطَرِّفٍ، ← ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ،

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَی عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ الْبَرَائِ قَالَ کَانُوا إِذَا أَحْرَمُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَتَوْا الْبَيْتَ مِنْ ظَهْرِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَنْ تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا وَلَکِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ اتَّقَی وَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ أَبْوَابِهَا

الْبَرَائَ ← أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ← اِسْرَائِیْلُ ← عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى

حَدَّثَنَي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَتَاهُ رَجُلَانِ فِي فِتْنَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَا إِنَّ النَّاسَ صَنَعُوا وَأَنْتَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَصَاحِبُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُکَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ فَقَالَ يَمْنَعُنِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ دَمَ أَخِي فَقَالَا أَلَمْ يَقُلْ اللَّهُ وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّی لَا تَکُونَ فِتْنَةٌ فَقَالَ قَاتَلْنَا حَتَّی لَمْ تَکُنْ فِتْنَةٌ وَکَانَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ وَأَنْتُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا حَتَّی تَکُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَکُونَ الدِّينُ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ وَزَادَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي فُلَانٌ وَحَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ عَنْ بَکْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْمَعَافِرِيِّ أَنَّ بُکَيْرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَی ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا حَمَلَکَ عَلَی أَنْ تَحُجَّ عَامًا وَتَعْتَمِرَ عَامًا وَتَتْرُکَ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا رَغَّبَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَی خَمْسٍ إِيمَانٍ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْخَمْسِ وَصِيَامِ رَمَضَانَ وَأَدَائِ الزَّکَاةِ وَحَجِّ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا ذَکَرَ اللَّهُ فِي کِتَابِهِ وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَی الْأُخْرَی فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّی تَفِيئَ إِلَی أَمْرِ اللَّهِ قَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّی لَا تَکُونَ فِتْنَةٌ قَالَ فَعَلْنَا عَلَی عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَکَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ قَلِيلًا فَکَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ فِي دِينِهِ إِمَّا قَتَلُوهُ وَإِمَّا يُعَذِّبُونَهُ حَتَّی کَثُرَ الْإِسْلَامُ فَلَمْ تَکُنْ فِتْنَةٌ قَالَ فَمَا قَوْلُکَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ قَالَ أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ فَکَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَفَا عَنْهُ وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَکَرِهْتُمْ أَنْ تَعْفُوا عَنْهُ وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَخَتَنُهُ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ هَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ

ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَتَاهُ رَجُلاَنِ فِي فِتْنَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ← نَافِعٍ ← عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ← عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ

وَزَادَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ،‏‏‏‏ عَنْ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ،‏‏‏‏ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنِي فُلَانٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَحَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ،‏‏‏‏ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْمَعَافِرِيِّ،‏‏‏‏ أَنَّبُكَيْرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ نَافِعٍ،‏‏‏‏ أَنَّ رَجُلًا،‏‏‏‏ أَتَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ،‏‏‏‏ فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ،‏‏‏‏ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَحُجَّ عَامًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَتَعْتَمِرَ عَامًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَتَتْرُكَ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا رَغَّبَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "يَا ابْنَ أَخِي بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ إِيمَانٍ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَالصَّلَاةِ الْخَمْسِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَصِيَامِ رَمَضَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَدَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَحَجِّ الْبَيْتِ"،‏‏‏‏ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ سورة الحجرات آية 9 وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ سورة البقرة آية 193،‏‏‏‏ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "فَعَلْنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ قَلِيلًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ فِي دِينِهِ إِمَّا قَتَلُوهُ وَإِمَّا يُعَذِّبُونَهُ حَتَّى كَثُرَ الْإِسْلَامُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ".

Narrated Abu Wail: Hudhaifa said, "The Verse:-- "And spend (of your wealth) in the Cause of Allah and do not throw yourselves in destruction," (2.195) was revealed concerning spending in Allah's Cause (i.e. Jihad).

نَافِعٍ ← بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْمَعَافِرِيِّ،‏‏‏‏ أَنَّبُكَيْرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ← فُلَانٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَحَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ،‏‏‏‏ ← ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ← وَزَادَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ،‏‏‏‏

قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَمَا قَوْلُكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ،‏‏‏‏ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ،‏‏‏‏ فَكَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَفَا عَنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَكَرِهْتُمْ أَنْ تَعْفُوا عَنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ،‏‏‏‏ فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَخَتَنُهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "هَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ".

Narrated `Abdullah bin Maqal: I sat with Ka`b bin Ujra in this mosque, i.e. Kufa Mosque, and asked him about the meaning of: "Pay a ransom (i.e. Fidya) of either fasting or . . . . (2.196)" He said, "I was taken to the Prophet while lice were falling on my face. The Prophet said, 'I did not think that your trouble reached to such an extent. Can you afford to slaughter a sheep (as a ransom for shaving your head)?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'Then fast for three days, or feed six poor persons by giving half a Sa of food for each and shave your head.' So the above Verse was revealed especially for me and generally for all of you."

"هَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ".

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا وَائِلٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيکُمْ إِلَی التَّهْلُکَةِ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّفَقَةِ

Narrated `Imran bin Husain: The Verse of Hajj-at-Tamatu was revealed in Allah's Book, so we performed it with Allah's Messenger , and nothing was revealed in Qur'an to make it illegal, nor did the Prophet prohibit it till he died. But the man (who regarded it illegal) just expressed what his own mind suggested.

نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّفَقَةِ ← حُذَيْفَةَ وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيکُمْ إِلَی التَّهْلُکَةِ ← أَبَا وَائِلٍ، ← سُلَیْمَانَ ← شُعْبَةُ، ← النَّضْرُ ← إِسْحَاقُ

حَدَّثَنَا آدَمُ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَعْقِلٍ قَالَ قَعَدْتُ إِلَی کَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ فِي هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ يَعْنِي مَسْجِدَ الْکُوفَةِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ فِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ فَقَالَ حُمِلْتُ إِلَی النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْقَمْلُ يَتَنَاثَرُ عَلَی وَجْهِي فَقَالَ مَا کُنْتُ أُرَی أَنَّ الْجَهْدَ قَدْ بَلَغَ بِکَ هَذَا أَمَا تَجِدُ شَاةً قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ أَوْ أَطْعِمْ سِتَّةَ مَسَاکِينَ لِکُلِّ مِسْکِينٍ نِصْفُ صَاعٍ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَاحْلِقْ رَأْسَکَ فَنَزَلَتْ فِيَّ خَاصَّةً وَهْيَ لَکُمْ عَامَّةً

Narrated Ibn `Abbas: `Ukaz, Mijanna and Dhul-Majaz were markets during the Pre-islamic Period. They (i.e. Muslims) considered it a sin to trade there during the Hajj time (i.e. season), so this Verse was revealed:-- "There is no harm for you if you seek of the Bounty of your Lord during the Hajj season." (2.198)

حُمِلْتُ إِلَی النَّبِيِّ وَالْقَمْلُ يَتَنَاثَرُ عَلَی وَجْهِي ← فِدْيَةٌ مِنْ صِيَامٍ ← قَعَدْتُ إِلَی کَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ فِي هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ يَعْنِي مَسْجِدَ الْکُوفَةِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ ← عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ ← عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ ← شُعْبَةُ، ← آدَمُ،

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأَيْتُکِ فِي الْمَنَامِ يَجِيئُ بِکِ الْمَلَکُ فِي سَرَقَةٍ مِنْ حَرِيرٍ فَقَالَ لِي هَذِهِ امْرَأَتُکَ فَکَشَفْتُ عَنْ وَجْهِکِ الثَّوْبَ فَإِذَا أَنْتِ هِيَ فَقُلْتُ إِنْ يَکُ هَذَا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ يُمْضِهِ

Narrated 'Urwa bin Az-Zubair: 'Aishah, the wife of the Prophet (saws) told him that there were four types of marriage during Pre-Islamic period of Ignorance. One type was similar to that of the present day i.e. a man used to ask somebody else for the hand of a girl under his guardianship or for his daughter's hand, and give her Mahr and then marry her. The second type was that a man would say to his wife after she had become clean from her period. "Send for so-and-so and have sexual intercourse with him." Her husband would then keep awy from her and would never sleep with her till she got pregnant from the other man with whom she was sleeping. When her pregnancy became evident, he husband would sleep with her if he wished. Her husband did so (i.e. let his wife sleep with some other man) so that he might have a child of noble breed. Such marriage was called as Al-Istibda'. Another type of marriage was that a group of less than ten men would assemble and enter upon a woman, and all of them would have sexual relation with her. If she became pregnant and delivered a child and some days had passed after delivery, she would sent for all of them and none of them would refuse to come, and when they all gathered before her, she would say to them, "You (all) know waht you have done, and now I have given birth to a child. So, it is your child so-and-so!" naming whoever she liked, and her child would follow him and he could not refuse to take him. The fourth type of marriage was that many people would enter upon a lady and she would never refuse anyone who came to her. Those were the prostitutes who used to fix flags at their doors as sign, and he who would wished, could have sexual intercourse with them. If anyone of them got pregnant and delivered a child, then all those men would be gathered for her and they would call the Qa'if (persons skilled in recognizing the likeness of a child to his father) to them and would let the child follow the man (whom they recognized as his father) and she would let him adhere to him and be called his son. The man would not refuse all that. But when Muhammad (saws) was sent with the Truth, he abolished all the types of marriages observed in pre-Islamic period of Ignorance except the type of marriage the people recognize today.

عَائِشَةَ ← أَبِيهِ ← هِشَامٍ ← حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ← مُسَدَّدٌ

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَائَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ جِئْتُ لِأَهَبَ لَکَ نَفْسِي فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَصَعَّدَ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهَا وَصَوَّبَهُ ثُمَّ طَأْطَأَ رَأْسَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ الْمَرْأَةُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْضِ فِيهَا شَيْئًا جَلَسَتْ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ أَيْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ لَمْ تَکُنْ لَکَ بِهَا حَاجَةٌ فَزَوِّجْنِيهَا فَقَالَ هَلْ عِنْدَکَ مِنْ شَيْئٍ قَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ اذْهَبْ إِلَی أَهْلِکَ فَانْظُرْ هَلْ تَجِدُ شَيْئًا فَذَهَبَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا وَجَدْتُ شَيْئًا قَالَ انْظُرْ وَلَوْ خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ فَذَهَبَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا خَاتَمًا مِنْ حَدِيدٍ وَلَکِنْ هَذَا إِزَارِي قَالَ سَهْلٌ مَا لَهُ رِدَائٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا تَصْنَعُ بِإِزَارِکَ إِنْ لَبِسْتَهُ لَمْ يَکُنْ عَلَيْهَا مِنْهُ شَيْئٌ وَإِنْ لَبِسَتْهُ لَمْ يَکُنْ عَلَيْکَ مِنْهُ شَيْئٌ فَجَلَسَ الرَّجُلُ حَتَّی طَالَ مَجْلِسُهُ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَرَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُوَلِّيًا فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَدُعِيَ فَلَمَّا جَائَ قَالَ مَاذَا مَعَکَ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ مَعِي سُورَةُ کَذَا وَسُورَةُ کَذَا وَسُورَةُ کَذَا عَدَّدَهَا قَالَ أَتَقْرَؤُهُنَّ عَنْ ظَهْرِ قَلْبِکَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَقَدْ مَلَّکْتُکَهَا بِمَا مَعَکَ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ

Narrated `Aisha: (as regards the Verse): 'And about what is recited unto you in the Book, concerning orphan girls to whom you give not the prescribed portions and yet, whom you desire to marry.' (4.127) This Verse is about the female orphan who is under the guardianship of a man with whom she shares her property and he has more right over her (than anybody else) but does not like to marry her, so he prevents her, from marrying somebody else, lest he should share the property with him.

سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَائَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَتْ ← أَبِي حَازِمٍ ← يَعْقُوبُ، ← قُتَيْبَةُ،

قَالَ يَحْيَی بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ ح و حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ النِّکَاحَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ کَانَ عَلَی أَرْبَعَةِ أَنْحَائٍ فَنِکَاحٌ مِنْهَا نِکَاحُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ يَخْطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَی الرَّجُلِ وَلِيَّتَهُ أَوْ ابْنَتَهُ فَيُصْدِقُهَا ثُمَّ يَنْکِحُهَا وَنِکَاحٌ آخَرُ کَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ طَمْثِهَا أَرْسِلِي إِلَی فُلَانٍ فَاسْتَبْضِعِي مِنْهُ وَيَعْتَزِلُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّی يَتَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا مِنْ ذَلِکَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي تَسْتَبْضِعُ مِنْهُ فَإِذَا تَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا أَصَابَهَا زَوْجُهَا إِذَا أَحَبَّ وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِکَ رَغْبَةً فِي نَجَابَةِ الْوَلَدِ فَکَانَ هَذَا النِّکَاحُ نِکَاحَ الِاسْتِبْضَاعِ وَنِکَاحٌ آخَرُ يَجْتَمِعُ الرَّهْطُ مَا دُونَ الْعَشَرَةِ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَی الْمَرْأَةِ کُلُّهُمْ يُصِيبُهَا فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ وَوَضَعَتْ وَمَرَّ عَلَيْهَا لَيَالٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ حَتَّی يَجْتَمِعُوا عِنْدَهَا تَقُولُ لَهُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ الَّذِي کَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِکُمْ وَقَدْ وَلَدْتُ فَهُوَ ابْنُکَ يَا فُلَانُ تُسَمِّي مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ بِاسْمِهِ فَيَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ وَنِکَاحُ الرَّابِعِ يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ الْکَثِيرُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَی الْمَرْأَةِ لَا تَمْتَنِعُ مِمَّنْ جَائَهَا وَهُنَّ الْبَغَايَا کُنَّ يَنْصِبْنَ عَلَی أَبْوَابِهِنَّ رَايَاتٍ تَکُونُ عَلَمًا فَمَنْ أَرَادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ وَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا جُمِعُوا لَهَا وَدَعَوْا لَهُمْ الْقَافَةَ ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُوا وَلَدَهَا بِالَّذِي يَرَوْنَ فَالْتَاطَ بِهِ وَدُعِيَ ابْنَهُ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ ذَلِکَ فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْحَقِّ هَدَمَ نِکَاحَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ کُلَّهُ إِلَّا نِکَاحَ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar: When Hafsa, `Umar's daughter became a widow because of the death of her (husband) Ibn Hudhafa As-Sahmi who was one of the companion of the Prophet and the one of the Badr warriors and died at Medina, `Umar said, "I met `Uthman bin `Affan and gave him an offer, saying, 'If you wish, I will marry Hafsa to you.' He said. 'I will think it over' I waited for a few days, then he met me and said, 'I have made up my mind not to marry at present' "`Umar added, "Then I met Abu Bakr and said to him, 'If you wish, I will marry Hafsa to you.' "

ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ← يُونُسَ ← عَنْبَسَةَ ← أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، ← و، ← يُونُسَ ← ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ← يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ