Sunan Abi Dawood

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَی النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي وَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا أَسْوَدَ وَإِنِّي أُنْکِرُهُ فَذَکَرَ مَعْنَاهُ

Narrated Abu Hurairah: A bedouin came to the Prophet ﷺ, and said: My wife has given birth to a black son, and I disown him. He then narrated the rest of the tradition to the same effect.

مَعْنَاهُ ← إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي وَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا أَسْوَدَ وَإِنِّي أُنْکِرُهُ ← أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَی النَّبِيَّ ← اَبِیْ سَلَمَۃَ ← ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ← يُونُسَ ← ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ← أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرٌو يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ ابْنِ الْهَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ حِينَ نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ أَدْخَلَتْ عَلَی قَوْمٍ مَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ فَلَيْسَتْ مِنْ اللَّهِ فِي شَيْئٍ وَلَنْ يُدْخِلَهَا اللَّهُ جَنَّتَهُ وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ جَحَدَ وَلَدَهُ وَهُوَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ احْتَجَبَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ وَفَضَحَهُ عَلَی رُئُوسِ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخِرِينَ

Narrated Abu Hurairah: Abu Hurairah heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say when the verse about invoking curses came down: Any woman who brings to her family one who does not belong to it has nothing to do with Allah (i. e. expects no mercy from Allah), and Allah will not bring her into His Paradise. Allah, the Exalted, will veil Himself from any man who disowns his child when he looks at him, and disgrace him in the presence of all creatures, first and last.

رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ← أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّهُ ← سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، ← عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُونُسَ، ← ابْنِ الْھَادِ ← عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْحَارِثِ ← ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ← أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا مُعْتَمِرٌ عَنْ سَلْمٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي الزَّيَّادِ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا مُسَاعَاةَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَنْ سَاعَی فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَدْ لَحِقَ بِعَصَبَتِهِ وَمَنْ ادَّعَی وَلَدًا مِنْ غَيْرِ رِشْدَةٍ فَلَا يَرِثُ وَلَا يُورَثُ

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no prostitution in Islam. If anyone practised prostitution in pre-Islamic times, the child will be attributed to the master (of the slave-woman). He who claims his child without a valid marriage or ownership will neither inherit nor be inherited.

ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ ← سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ← بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا ← سَلْمٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي الزَّيَّادِ ← مُعْتَمِرٌ ← يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ،

حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ ح و حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ وَهُوَ أَشْبَعُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَی عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَی أَنَّ کُلَّ مُسْتَلْحَقٍ اسْتُلْحِقَ بَعْدَ أَبِيهِ الَّذِي يُدْعَی لَهُ ادَّعَاهُ وَرَثَتُهُ فَقَضَی أَنَّ کُلَّ مَنْ کَانَ مِنْ أَمَةٍ يَمْلِکُهَا يَوْمَ أَصَابَهَا فَقَدْ لَحِقَ بِمَنْ اسْتَلْحَقَهُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِمَّا قُسِمَ قَبْلَهُ مِنْ الْمِيرَاثِ شَيْئٌ وَمَا أَدْرَکَ مِنْ مِيرَاثٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَلَهُ نَصِيبُهُ وَلَا يَلْحَقُ إِذَا کَانَ أَبُوهُ الَّذِي يُدْعَی لَهُ أَنْکَرَهُ وَإِنْ کَانَ مِنْ أَمَةٍ لَمْ يَمْلِکْهَا أَوْ مِنْ حُرَّةٍ عَاهَرَ بِهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَا يَرِثُ وَإِنْ کَانَ الَّذِي يُدْعَی لَهُ هُوَ ادَّعَاهُ فَهُوَ وَلَدُ زِنْيَةٍ مِنْ حُرَّةٍ کَانَ أَوْ أَمَةٍ

Amr bin Shuaib on his father's authority said that his grandfather reported: The Prophet ﷺ decided regarding one who was treated as a member of a family after the death of his father, to whom he was attributed when the heirs said he was one of them, that if he was the child of a slave-woman whom the father owned when he had intercourse with her, he was included among those who sought his inclusion, but received none of the inheritance which was previously divided; he, however, received his portion of the inheritance which had not already been divided; but if the father to whom he was attributed had disowned him, he was not joined to the heirs. If he was a child of a slave-woman whom the father did not possess or of a free woman with whom he had illicit intercourse, he was not joined to the heirs and did not inherit even if the one to whom he was attributed is the one who claimed paternity, since he was a child of fornication whether his mother was free or a slave.

جَدِّهِ، ← أَبِيهِ ← عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ← سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ وَهُوَ أَشْبَعُ ← يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ ← الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ← و، ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، ← شَيْبَانُ بْنُ فَرُّوخٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ وَهُوَ وَلَدُ زِنَا لِأَهْلِ أُمِّهِ مَنْ کَانُوا حُرَّةً أَوْ أَمَةً وَذَلِکَ فِيمَا اسْتُلْحِقَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَمَا اقْتُسِمَ مِنْ مَالٍ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَدْ مَضَی

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by Muhammad bin Rashid through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. This version adds “he is the child of fornication for the people of his mother whether she was free or a slave. This attribution of a child to the parents was practiced in the beginning of Islam. The property divided before Islam will not be taken into account.

أَبِي ← مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ الْمَعْنَی وَابْنُ السَّرْحِ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ وَابْنُ السَّرْحِ يَوْمًا مَسْرُورًا وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ تُعْرَفُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ أَيْ عَائِشَةُ أَلَمْ تَرَيْ أَنَّ مُجَزِّزًا الْمُدْلِجِيَّ رَأَی زَيْدًا وَأُسَامَةَ قَدْ غَطَّيَا رُئُوسَهُمَا بِقَطِيفَةٍ وَبَدَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد کَانَ أُسَامَةُ أَسْوَدَ وَکَانَ زَيْدٌ أَبْيَضَ

Narrated Aishah, Ummul Muminin: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me. The version of Musaddad and Ibn as-Sarh has: one day looking pleased". The version of Uthman has: "The lines of his forehead were realised. " He said: O Aishah, are you not surprised to hear that Mujazziz al-Mudlaji saw that Zayd and Usamah had a rug over them concerning their heads and letting their feet appear. He said: These feet are related. Abu Dawud: Usamah was black and Zaid was white.

أَيْ عَائِشَةُ أَلَمْ تَرَيْ ← عُثْمَانُ تُعْرَفُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ ← مُسَدَّدٌ وَابْنُ السَّرْحِ يَوْمًا مَسْرُورًا ← دَخَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ← عَائِشَةَ ← عُرْوَةَ ← الزُّهْرِيِّ، ← سُفْيَانَ، ← مُسَدَّدٌ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ الْمَعْنَی وَابْنُ السَّرْحِ

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ قَالَ قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ مَسْرُورًا تَبْرُقُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by ibn Shihab through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. This version adds “She said “he entered upon me looking pleased with the lines of his face brightened. Abu Dawud said “Ibn ‘Uyainah did not remember the words “the lines of his face”. ” Abu Dawud said “The words “the lines of his face” have been narrated by Ibn ‘Uyainah himself. He did not hear Al Zuhri say (these words). He heard some person other than Al Zuhri say these words. The words “the lines of his face” occur in the tradition narrated by Al Laith and others. Abu Dawud said “ I heard Ahmad bin Salih say “Usamah was very black like tar and Zaid was white like cotton. ”

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ مَسْرُورًا تَبْرُقُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ ← ابْنِ شِهَابٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ ← اللَّيْثُ ← قُتَيْبَةُ،

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَی عَنْ الْأَجْلَحِ عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ کُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَائَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا يَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي وَلَدٍ وَقَدْ وَقَعُوا عَلَی امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَالَ لِاثْنَيْنِ مِنْهُمَا طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَيَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِاثْنَيْنِ طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَيَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِاثْنَيْنِ طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَيَا فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ شُرَکَائُ مُتَشَاکِسُونَ إِنِّي مُقْرِعٌ بَيْنَکُمْ فَمَنْ قُرِعَ فَلَهُ الْوَلَدُ وَعَلَيْهِ لِصَاحِبَيْهِ ثُلُثَا الدِّيَةِ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَجَعَلَهُ لِمَنْ قُرِعَ فَضَحِکَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّی بَدَتْ أَضْرَاسُهُ أَوْ نَوَاجِذُهُ

Narrated Zayd ibn Arqam: I was sitting with the Prophet ﷺ. A man came from the Yemen, and said: Three men from the people of the Yemen came to Ali, quarrelling about a child, asking him to give a decision. They had had sexual intercourse with a woman during a single state of purity. He said to two of them: Give this child to this man (the third person) with pleasure. But they (refused and) cried loudly. Again he said to two of them: Give the child to the man (the third person) willingly. But they (refused and) cried loudly. He then said: You are quarrelsome partners. I shall cast lots among you; he who receives the lot, will acquire the child, and he shall pay two-thirds of the blood-money to both his companions. He then cast lots among them, and gave the child to the one who received the lot. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed so much that his canine or molar teeth appeared.

کُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ فَجَائَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْيَمَنِ ← زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، ← عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ ← الشَّعْبِيِّ، ← الأَجْلَحِ، ← يَحْيَى ← مُسَدَّدٌ

حَدَّثَنَا خُشَيْشُ بْنُ أَصْرَمَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ صَالِحٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بِثَلَاثَةٍ وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ وَقَعُوا عَلَی امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ قَالَا لَا حَتَّی سَأَلَهُمْ جَمِيعًا فَجَعَلَ کُلَّمَا سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ قَالَا لَا فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالَّذِي صَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْعَةُ وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ ثُلُثَيْ الدِّيَةِ قَالَ فَذَکَرَ ذَلِکَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَضَحِکَ حَتَّی بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ

Narrated Zayd ibn Arqam: Three persons were brought to Ali (Allah be pleased with him) when he was in the Yemen. They and sexual intercourse with a woman during a single state of purity. He asked two of them: Do you acknowledge this child for this (man)? They replied: No. He then put this (question) to all of them. Whenever he asked two of them, they replied in the negative. He, therefore, cast a lot among them, and attributed the child to the one who received the lot. He imposed two-third of the blood-money (i. e. the price of the mother) on him. This was then mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ and he laughed so much that his molar teeth appeared.

زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، ← عبد خير ← الشَّعْبِيِّ، ← صَالِحٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، ← الثَّوْرِيُّ ← عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، ← خُشَيْشُ بْنُ أَصْرَمَ

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ سَمِعَ الشَّعْبِيَّ عَنْ الْخَلِيلِ أَوْ ابْنِ الْخَلِيلِ قَالَ أُتِيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ نَحْوَهُ لَمْ يَذْکُرْ الْيَمَنَ وَلَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَا قَوْلَهُ طِيبَا بِالْوَلَدِ

Khalil or Ibn Khalil said “A woman was brought to Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allaah be pleased with him). She bore a child from intercourse of three persons. The narrator transmitted the rest of the tradition similar to the previous one. But in this version he did not mention “Yemen” and the Prophet ﷺ and his words “give the child willingly. ”

الْخَلِيلِ أَوْ ابْنِ الْخَلِيلِ ← الشَّعْبِيِّ، ← سَلَمَةَ، ← شُعْبَةُ، ← أَبِي ← عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ النِّکَاحَ کَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ عَلَی أَرْبَعَةِ أَنْحَائٍ فَکَانَ مِنْهَا نِکَاحُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ يَخْطُبُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَی الرَّجُلِ وَلِيَّتَهُ فَيُصْدِقُهَا ثُمَّ يَنْکِحُهَا وَنِکَاحٌ آخَرُ کَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ طَمْثِهَا أَرْسِلِي إِلَی فُلَانٍ فَاسْتَبْضِعِي مِنْهُ وَيَعْتَزِلُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَلَا يَمَسُّهَا أَبَدًا حَتَّی يَتَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا مِنْ ذَلِکَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي تَسْتَبْضِعُ مِنْهُ فَإِذَا تَبَيَّنَ حَمْلُهَا أَصَابَهَا زَوْجُهَا إِنْ أَحَبَّ وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِکَ رَغْبَةً فِي نَجَابَةِ الْوَلَدِ فَکَانَ هَذَا النِّکَاحُ يُسَمَّی نِکَاحَ الِاسْتِبْضَاعِ وَنِکَاحٌ آخَرُ يَجْتَمِعُ الرَّهْطُ دُونَ الْعَشَرَةِ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَی الْمَرْأَةِ کُلُّهُمْ يُصِيبُهَا فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ وَوَضَعَتْ وَمَرَّ لَيَالٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ حَتَّی يَجْتَمِعُوا عِنْدَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَهُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ الَّذِي کَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِکُمْ وَقَدْ وَلَدْتُ وَهُوَ ابْنُکَ يَا فُلَانُ فَتُسَمِّي مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ مِنْهُمْ بِاسْمِهِ فَيَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهَا وَنِکَاحٌ رَابِعٌ يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ الْکَثِيرُ فَيَدْخُلُونَ عَلَی الْمَرْأَةِ لَا تَمْتَنِعُ مِمَّنْ جَائَهَا وَهُنَّ الْبَغَايَا کُنَّ يَنْصِبْنَ عَلَی أَبْوَابِهِنَّ رَايَاتٍ يَکُنَّ عَلَمًا لِمَنْ أَرَادَهُنَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَإِذَا حَمَلَتْ فَوَضَعَتْ حَمْلَهَا جُمِعُوا لَهَا وَدَعَوْا لَهُمْ الْقَافَةَ ثُمَّ أَلْحَقُوا وَلَدَهَا بِالَّذِي يَرَوْنَ فَالْتَاطَهُ وَدُعِيَ ابْنَهُ لَا يَمْتَنِعُ مِنْ ذَلِکَ فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَدَمَ نِکَاحَ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ کُلَّهُ إِلَّا نِکَاحَ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ الْيَوْمَ

Aishah wife of the Prophet ﷺ said “Marriage in pre Islamic times was of four kinds. ” One of them was the marriage contracted by the people today. A man asked another man to marry his relative (sister or daughter) to him. He fixed the dower and married her to him. Another kind of marriage was that a man asked his wife when she became pure from menstruation to send fro so and so and have sexual intercourse with him. Her husband kept himself aloof and did not have intercourse with her till It became apparent that she was pregnant from the man who had intercourse with her. When it was manifest that she was pregnant, her husband approached her if he liked. This marriage was called istibda’ (to utilize man for intercourse for a noble birth). A third kind of marriage was that a group of people less than ten in number entered upon a woman and had intercourse with her. When she conceived gave birth to a child and a number of days passed after her delivery, she sent for them. No one of them could refuse to attend and they gathered before her. She said to them “You have realized your affair. I have now given birth to a child. And this is your son. O so and so. She called the name of anyone of them she liked and the child was attributed to him. A fourth kind of marriage was that many people gathered together and entered upon a woman who did not prevent anyone who came to her. They were prostitutes. They hoisted flags at their doors which served as a sign for the one who intended to enter upon them. When she became pregnant and delivered the child, they got together before her and called for the experts of tracing relationship from physical features. They attributed the child to whom they considered and it was given to him. The child was called his son and he could not deny. When Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ as a Prophet, he abolished all kinds of marriages prevalent among the people of the pre Islamic times except of the Muslims practiced today.

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَمُسَدَّدٌ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ اخْتَصَمَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ إِلَی رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ أَوْصَانِي أَخِي عُتْبَةُ إِذَا قَدِمْتُ مَکَّةَ أَنْ أَنْظُرَ إِلَی ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ فَأَقْبِضَهُ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنُهُ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ أَخِي ابْنُ أَمَةِ أَبِي وُلِدَ عَلَی فِرَاشِ أَبِي فَرَأَی رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بِعُتْبَةَ فَقَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَاحْتَجِبِي عَنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ زَادَ مُسَدَّدٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ وَقَالَ هُوَ أَخُوکَ يَا عَبْدُ

Aishah said “Saad bin Abi Waqqas and Abd bin Zamah disputed amongst themselves about the (relationship of the) son of the slave girl of Zam’ah and brought the case to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Saad said “My brother ‘Utbah enjoined me that when I came to Makkah I should see the son of the slave girl of Zam’ah and take his possession for that is his son”. Abd bin Zam’ah said “He is my brother, the son of my father’s slave girl having been born on my father’s bed”. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw his clear resemblance to ‘Utbah. So he said “The child is attributed to the one on whose bed it is born and the fornicator is deprived of any right (lit. the fornicator will have the stone). Veil yourself from him, Saudah. Musaddad added in his version “he is your brother Abd”.

قَّاصٍ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ إِلَی رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فِي ابْنِ أَمَةِ زَمْعَةَ ← عَائِشَةَ اخْتَصَمَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي ← عُرْوَةَ ← الزُّهْرِيِّ، ← سُفْيَانَ، ← سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَمُسَدَّدٌ