حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَنْبَأَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ النَّصْرِيُّ أَنَّ عُمَرَ دَعَاهُ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَدْخَلَهُمْ فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا لَعَلِيٍّ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي الصَّوَافِ الَّتِي أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنْ الْآخَرِ قَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدُوا أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ فِي هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ إِلَى قَدِيرٌ فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَاصَّةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ وَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
مسند امام احمد بن حنبل · Hadith 1781
Malik bin Aws bin al- Hadathan an-Nasri narrated that 'Umar called him... and he narrated the hadeeth. He said: Whilst I was with him, his doorkeeper Yarfa' came and said: Will you give permission for 'Usman, ' Abdul Rahman, az- Zubair and Saad to enter? He said: Yes. So he admitted them. Then after a while he came and said: Will you give permission for 'Ali and 'Abbas to enter? He said: Yes. So he gave them permission to enter. When they came in, 'Abbas said: O Ameer al-Mu'mineen, judge between me and this one - meaning 'Ali. They were disputing about as- Sawafi (some property) which Allah had granted as booty to His Messenger from the property of Banun-Nadeer. The people said: O Ameer al-Mu'mineen, judge between them and let them settle the matter. 'Umar said: Wait a minute. 1 adjure you by Allah, by Whose leave heaven and Earth exist, do you know that the Prophet said: "We are not to be inherited from; what we leave behind is charity," referring to himself? They said: He did say that. Then 'Umar turned to 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah, do you know that the Prophet (PBUH) said that? They said: Yes. He said: I shall tell you about this matter: Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, bestowed upon His Messenger of this fai' that which He did not bestow upon anyone else. And he said: "And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger (Muhammad from them - for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power to His Messengers over whomsoever He wills. And Allah is Able to do all things" [al-Hashr 59:6], That was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (J&). Moreover, by Allah, he did not take it and exclude you and he did not prefer himself over you with regard to it. He gave it to you and distributed it among you until all there was left of it was this property. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) used to take the annual expenditure of his family from this property, then he would take whatever was left and regard it as wealth belonging to Allah. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) did that during his lifetime, then the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) died and Abu Bakr said: I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) so Abu Bakr took control of it and did the same with it as the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) had done.
Sanad
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ أَنْبَأَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ النَّصْرِيُّ